Thursday, November 29, 2012

ARPA-E funds hydrokinetic work


Shreyas Mandre
A team of Brown University researchers has received a $750,000 grant to design an oscillating underwater wing that can capture energy from flowing water in rivers and tidal basins. The funding comes from the Department of Energy’s Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E), which funds breakthrough technologies that show fundamental technical promise but are too early for private-sector investment. “Marine and hydrokinetic energy is a vast renewable energy source,” said Shreyas Mandre, professor of engineering who will lead Brown’s effort with colleagues Kenneth Breuer in engineering and Heather Leslie in ecology and evolutionary biology. “The main advantage of hydrokinetic energy, unlike solar or wind power, is that the availability is predictable.” The wing would capture forces exerted on it by flowing water in much the same way airplane wings capture lift force from wind. “This lift force causes the hydrofoil to heave up and down periodically, and this motion can be used to generate electricity,” Mandre said. The award supports developing proof-of-concept for this potential technology, and complements current efforts to investigate the fundamental hydrodynamic mechanisms of energy conversion funded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

Tuesday, November 27, 2012

Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholar Ka Yee C. Lee to Come to Brown


   On December 3 and 4, 2012, the Brown University chapter of Phi Beta Kappa and the Department of Chemistry will host a two-day visit by Professor Ka Yee C. Lee. Professor Lee comes to Brown under the auspices of the Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholars Program.  Founded in 1776, Phi Beta Kappa is the oldest academic honor society in the nation.  During her visit, Professor Lee will meet informally with students and faculty, take part in classroom discussions, and give a public lecture to the entire academic community.  
   Her visit to Brown is a homecoming for Ka Yee C. Lee, who received an Sc.B degree from the university in electrical engineering in 1986. In 1992, she received her Ph.D from Harvard.  Since 1998, she has taught at The University of Chicago, where she is a professor in the department of chemistry, the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and the James Franck Institute.  She also serves as director of the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at Chicago. 
   Professor Lee has been honored with the Quantrell Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching.  A fellow of the American Physical Society, she is a recipient of the Margaret Oakley Dayhoff Award (biophysical science) and the Searle Scholar Award, as well as fellowships from the Sloan Foundation and the Packard Foundation.
   In her research, Professor Lee studies the interactions between lipids and proteins to gain insights into the biophysical aspects of diseased states.  The title of her talk, which is free and open to the public, is “Poking and Sealing Holes in Lipid Membranes.”
   Each year, the Visiting Scholars Program supports visits by a dozen or so distinguished scholars to colleges and universities around the country that shelter chapters of Phi Beta Kappa.  The purpose of the Visiting Scholars Program is to contribute to the intellectual life of academic institutions by making possible an exchange of ideas between the Visiting Scholar and resident faculty and students. This is the 57th year of the Visiting Scholars program.  Since 1956, the program has sponsored 4,917 two-day visits by 600 scholars. Professor Lee is the tenth scholar hosted by Brown through the program.
   For more information about the Phi Beta Kappa Visiting Scholars Program or about Professor Ka Yee C. Lee, please contact Mary Jo Foley, 401-863-2288, mary_jo_foley@brown.edu.

Monday, November 26, 2012

Five Questions With: Robert Hurt


Robert Hurt is an engineering professor at Brown University and the director of the university’s Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, which just celebrated its five-year anniversary.
Hurt talked to Providence Business News about the institute’s growth during that period, its research, and the future of the nanoscience industry in the Ocean State.

PBN: As director of the Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation at Brown, how has this program grown in the five years since its inception?

HURT: Our Institute, IMNI, was founded in 2007 to promote and coordinate research and education in the molecular and nanosciences across the Brown campus.
Over the last five years we have worked hard to develop cross-departmental and cross-institutional research teams that allow our scientist to address the big societal problems of the day – those that are too complex for traditional single-investigator science.
We have also recruited and hired several new young faculty members, developed a professional staff for proposal development and program management, increased the number and breadth of our federal grant portfolio in this area, acquired new major pieces of research equipment, and launched the Rhode Island Consortium for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RIN2) together with partners from URI.

PBN: Of all the research being conducted at IMNI, what’s your favorite and why?

HURT: It’s a hard choice - with 60 members and three thrust areas, we have a lot of exciting research to talk about. Certainly Professor Shouheng Sun’s research on nanoparticle synthesis is internationally recognized, and his highly engineered nanoparticles are promising for applications in sensing, data storage, fuel cell electrodes, biomedicine, and as catalysts for energy transformation processes.
Another highlight is our new federally-sponsored Center for Chemical Innovation, led by Professor Tayhas Palmore. The grant focuses on conversion of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into commodity chemicals, in the hope of developing more sustainable routes to chemical manufacturing.
I am also very excited by our industry partnerships with General Motors and Medtronic, both focused on advanced materials.

PBN: IMNI recently earned permission from the university to open a NanoTools facility on campus, what does that entail?

HURT: One of IMNI’s most important functions has been to build and operate central facilities that offer state-of-the-art equipment to users both on and off campus. Much of the equipment needed for modern R&D in nanotechnology and materials science is too expensive to be acquired and run by individual investigators or laboratories. IMNI currently operates central facilities for micro-fabrication and electron microscopy, the latter facility being one of the finest university facilities anywhere.
A while back we recognized the need for a new facility that focuses on material characterization. Having fabricated a new material or device, one needs to know a lot about its structure and properties before it can be effectively pushed into new technologies. Our new NanoTools facility, which is on the planning board, will house a suite of state-of-the-art instruments for materials characterization, including spectroscopies to study the chemical bonding within a material, and atomic force microscopes to study the atomic-scale and nanoscale features on material surfaces.

PBN: The science of nanotechnology has really burst onto the scene in the last 20 years, how do you think the field will continue to grow, both at IMNI and nationally?

HURT: Nanotechnology has grown steadily over the last decade both in terms of federal funding and in terms of IP generation and product commercialization. This growth is projected to continue. At the same time, nanotechnology has matured and evolved as a field, and become less of a stand-alone activity and more integrated into technology development across a range of sectors.
I believe that most nanotechnology today is not being practiced at self-identified nanotech startups, but at large firms in many different sectors of manufacturing. Much of the R&D you might associate with energy technology, for example, whether in batteries, solar cells, or fuel cells, is really nanotechnology applied to the materials and components used in those devices. That is where much of the real innovation is occurring.
Ten years ago, nanotechnology was exploratory science taking place in university laboratory settings, and sometimes described in very imaginative and futuristic terms. Now it is evolving into a set of practical mainstream tools and materials used in technology development for energy, health care, military, and manufacturing. I believe we will see continued growth, but that growth might not always be in the form of an easily definable nanotech business sector.

PBN: You’ve said that you think nanotechnology can help Brown (and the state’s other higher education facilities) boost Rhode Island’s economy. How?

HURT: IMNI’s growth has created faculty and staff jobs, as mentioned above. I think our biggest opportunity for the future is still in the area of federal funding, where IMNI and RIN2 can bring together a critical mass of researchers to compete for large grants.
This basic research employs people in the state, and also attracts some of the top young talent to pursue higher degrees and maybe remain in the state or region after graduation. I also hope we can grow our industrial partner program and focus it more on state and regional companies.
Finally, with the establishment of the new School of Engineering, which is a major player in IMNI, and with Brown’s development and growth in the Jewelry District, there is hope we can develop a critical mass of high-technology activity in Providence that could help the knowledge economy here take shape.
By Emily Greenhalgh


Monday, November 19, 2012

Brown releases economic impact report


A report released today by Brown University outlines Brown’s contributions to the local economy, including to the development of the knowledge-based economy through its nearly $180-million investment in research, patent generation, and startup creation. The report was commissioned by Brown University and prepared by Appleseed Inc. of New York City.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Brown University today released a report that provides an overview of the University’s economic impact on the State of Rhode Island. The report details Brown’s stimulus of the local economy through its direct and indirect employment, spending, research activities, and development of human capital.
Building Rhode Island’s Knowledge Economy: The Economic Impact of Brown University, November 2012 finds that Brown spent more than $178.9 million on research in fiscal year 2012, helping to create the knowledge and ideas needed to spur economic growth. The report also details how Brown faculty, students, and staff are translating knowledge and discovery into new technologies, products, processes, services, and businesses.
“Research, innovation, and creativity are essential components to strengthening Rhode Island’s economy,” said Brown President Christina Paxson. “This report illustrates that Brown has an important role to play in economic growth, and we look forward to working with our city, state, and private industry partners to advance our shared agenda.”
In addition to being the state’s fifth-largest employer, with Rhode Island residents making up 81 percent of its 4,459 employees, and generating significant economic activity through construction activity and direct student and visitor spending, Brown makes the following contributions to the overall effort to develop a knowledge-based economy in Providence, according to the report:
  • Research. Brown spent $178.9 million on research in fiscal year 2012 — an increase of nearly 29 percent since fiscal year 2009 — making Brown Rhode Island’s leading center of scientific research and development.
  • Patents and licenses. In fiscal year 2012, Brown filed 98 patent applications on technologies first developed at Brown, was awarded 15 new patents, entered into six licensing or option agreements for commercial use of new technologies developed at Brown, and received nearly $1.6 million in licensing revenue.
  • Startups. A minimum of 25 new Rhode Island-based startups had their genesis at Brown, creating 450 jobs.
  • Facilities. Of the $131.5 million spent on construction in 2011, nearly $90 million was devoted to medical and research facilities, resulting in 208,000 square feet of new or renovated space and creating 705 full-time equivalent jobs.
Kick-starting the knowledge economy
With $178.9 million spent on research and 98 new 
technology patents filed last year, academic research at 
Brown is a leader in developing the knowledge economy.
Pre-dawn photo of Brown and Providence by Mike Cohea/Brown University.
“Brown is Providence’s major-league franchise, and the University’s successful development as an internationally renowned research university is a driving force in our efforts to create jobs, attract investments, and grow Rhode Island’s capital city into a regional hub of the 21st-century knowledge economy,” said Providence Mayor Angel Taveras.
Added Laurie White, president of the Greater Providence Chamber of Commerce, “Brown helps strengthen Rhode Island’s effort to build and sustain a knowledge-driven economy. Its academic research and development, patents issued, and educational attainment are some of the key drivers for which Rhode Island’s performance ranks within the top 20 states for current innovation capacity.”
The report can be read at brown.edu/about/reports/economic-impact/, where it is also available for download (pdf).
By Darlene Trew Crist


SWE to Host 6th Annual Extreme Gingerbread House Competition

The Brown University Society for Women Engineers will be sponsoring its sixth annual "Extreme Gingerbread House Competition" on Friday, November 30, from 5:00 - 8:00 in the lobby of the Barus and Holley building on 184 Hope Street.

Twenty-two teams of 3-5 students and professors will be allowed to pre-register for the competition. Any additional teams that express interest will be placed on a waitlist in the event that a team does not arrive. If the team has not arrived within five minutes of the beginning of the event, their spot will be given to a team on the waitlist or a team that has shown up at the event without registering.

Each team will be supplied with two boxes of graham crackers, two Ziploc bags of royal icing, and a tray on which to construct their house. Additionally, all teams will be provided with an empty sandwich size Ziploc bag for taking the communal supplies. Foods such as candy canes, M&Ms, teddy grahams, shredded coconut, etc., will be kept on a central table. At the start of the one hour time slot of building, one member of each team will be allowed to take the empty Ziploc bag to the communal table and fill the bag with whatever supplies they feel are most valuable for their team’s house. All food items will be provided by SWE at the event; teams are NOT allowed to bring any of their own food.

The teams will have one hour to construct their houses out of the provided food. Houses should be designed to follow the criteria listed below:
- The house must fit on the provided tray and not cover the drilled-in holes.
- House dimensions must exceed 6”x6”x6”.
- The house must be hollow.
- The maximum wall thickness is 1”.
- The house must be glued/pasted to the tray; the house may not slide around the tray.
- The house should be designed to withstand earthquakes.

Teams are allowed to bring any tools that they think will be helpful such as knives, drills, etc. Teams are responsible for bringing the necessary power connections/extension cords. If you plan on using tools, please ensure you know how to use them safely and plan on bring the necessary personal protective equipment, such as safety glasses. No chemicals can be used during the manufacturing of the house; the house and all its contents must remain edible at all times.

After exactly one hour, the teams will be forced to stop construction on their houses. The houses will initially be judged before a panel of three faculty judges on (1) Attractiveness of the house [1-10 points] (2) Novel use of building materials [1-5 points] (3) Use of available space (ie decorations other than the house) [1-5 points]. Additionally, judges will have the option to select one “wildcard” house after viewing all the completed houses. Judges will award a bonus of three points to the house if they feel that one house was exceptional in a way that was not represented in the other scores; this is optional and at the judges discretion. The sum of these components will be used as the team’s aesthetic score.

The second portion of judging will be on the ability of the house to withstand a simulated earthquake. The tray will be attached to a shake table and cycled through a regimen moving from a low frequency to a high frequency. After every 15 seconds, the frequency will increase. Time will start when the shake table is turned on, and will be stopped when part of the house falls off the main structure; this includes decorations attached to the house, but not “environmental decorations” that are simply on the tray. The final call on whether a house has "failed" will be at the judges' discretion. Houses will not be judged until tables and floors are clean.

After all the houses have been tested, the maximum amount of time on the shake table to make a gingerbread house break will be used to calculate the scores, as shown below:

          GroupTime
----------------------- x 50 = Total
Maximum Group Time

Total group scores will be calculated by combining the aesthetic score (out of 25 points) and the stability score (out of 50 points) for a total score out of 75 points. The team with the most points will be considered the winner. The team with the second highest number of points will be given second place and so forth. The top three teams will be awarded a prize.

When registering, each team will be asked to pay a registration fee of $6.00 to enter the event.

Friday, November 9, 2012

Nearly 200 Attend NEW.Mech Workshop at Brown School of Engineering


The Brown University School of Engineering hosted the 2012 New 
England Workshop on the Mechanics of Materials and Structures on November 3, 2012, at the Granoff Center with nearly 200 participants. Building on the momentum of past workshops, it was another successful installment of NewMech with participants travelling from all over New England and New York.

The one-day workshop brought together the New England Mechanics community with an interest in exploring new directions on the mechanics of materials and structures and sharing the latest advancements in the field. The event, open to the public free of cost, included four invited lectures from leading experts in the field and presented an opportunity for young scientists to highlight their research in the form of presentations, posters and movies.

One of the highlights of the workshop was the poster competition with 41 entries submitted. Each poster was judged on scientific contribution, clarity and structure, originality, and appearance. Peng Chen of Brown University won first place, while Michael Bartlett of UMass captured second place. There was a tie for third place between Alice Nasto of MIT and Ramin Oftadeh of Northeastern.

In addition, the workshop featured a new component, the Gallery of Mechanics. This event included movies that display research in the New England mechanics community. Ten movies were submitted and awards were presented to the top three entries. The first place winner was James Hanna of UMass. There was a tie for second place between Daniel Chen of Brandeis and Jonathan Pham of UMass. 

The workshop was possible through the generous support of The Haythornthwaite Foundation, and Brown University’s Starr Lectureship Fund, Office of the Vice President for Research and the School of Engineering, and was organized locally by Christian Franck and Shreyas Mandre, assistant professors of engineering at Brown, and by Pedro Reis (MIT), Ken Kamrin (MIT), Katia Bertoldi (Harvard), Christian Santangelo (UMass), and Ashkan Vaziri (Northeastern).

Next year’s NewMech workshop will be held at Northeastern University. For more information, please go to: http://www.brown.edu/conferences/new-england-mechanics-materials-structures/